Reducing Our Carbon Footprint
Throughout our business units, operations and project planning stages, we assess a full spectrum of environmental risks, including those associated with energy use and GHG emissions. As shown in Figure 9, Scope 1 (direct) GHG emissions are those that occur from energy sources that are owned or controlled by the company. Scope 2 (indirect) GHG emissions are those that occur from the generation of purchased electricity consumed by the company and physically occur at the facility where electricity is generated.
In 2019, our total GHG emissions (Scope 1 and Scope 2), as CO2e, were 3,226 kilotonnes (kt), compared to 3,210 kt in 2018. Of those totals, our direct (Scope 1) GHG emissions were 2,936kt in 2019, compared to 2,869 kt in 2018. We estimate our indirect (Scope 2) GHG emissions associated with electricity use for 2019 to be 290 kt, or approximately 9% of our total emissions. These emissions are associated primarily with our Cardinal River, Carmen de Andacollo and Quebrada Blanca operations, as their electricity power grids are based heavily on fossil fuels. Elsewhere, our indirect emissions were relatively small, as operations in B.C. obtain a significant proportion of their electricity from hydroelectric generation.
Scope 3 emissions are other emissions that arise from sources owned or controlled by other entities within our value chain, such as those arising from the use of our products, business travel by employees and the transportation of materials that we purchase and sell. In 2019, our most material Scope 3 emissions were 73,000kt, which are from the use of our steelmaking coal product by our customers.
In this report, we have also introduced two updates to our GHG quantification methodologies that have resulted in restatements to our historical figures. The first update was made to the emission factor used to estimate fugitive methane at our coal operations. This update was made to reflect changes within our regulatory reporting obligations. The second update was made to the electricity emission factors used in British Columbia to more accurately reflect historical annual estimates of the electricity grid’s GHG intensity.
图9：燃料类型的范围1和范围2温室气体排放量
(1) For electricity emissions in Canada, the emission factors use 2010 as a base year and are based on the most recent version of the Canadian National Inventory Report.
(2) Fugitive emissions from our coal operations (i.e., estimated methane release) are captured as direct emissions. For fugitive emissions, the emission factors use 2010 as a base year and are based on the most recent version of the Canadian National Inventory Report.
(3) In 2016, we updated the Global Warming Potential values for all of our GHG accounting to align with regulatory requirements; therefore, historical values have been restated. Global Warming Potentials are the factors that convert greenhouse gases — like methane (CH4) — to a carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e), thereby standardizing the quantification of GHG emissions.
Table 14: Total Emissions (kilotonnes CO2e)(1)
|
2019 |
2018 |
2017 |
2016 |
| 总排放 - 直接（范围1） |
2,936 |
2,869 |
2,954 |
2,817 |
| Total Emissions — Indirect (Scope 2) |
290 |
341 |
284 |
372 |
| 总排放量（范围1 +范围2） |
3,226 |
3,210 |
3,238 |
3,189 |
| Total Emissions — Scope 3 |
73,000 |
76,000 |
78,438 |
79,053 |
(1)Teck'squantification methodology for our Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions is aligned with the Greenhouse Gas Protocol: A Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard
定位Teck在低碳经济中茁壮成长
Energy Use and Reduction
In 2019, we consumed a total of 44,032TJ of energy (i.e., electricity and fuels), as compared to 43,866 TJ in 2018, as shown in Figure 10. In 2019, six of our operations (Cardinal River, Coal Mountain, Greenhills, Carmen de Andacollo, Quebrada Blanca and Pend Oreille) reduced their absolute energy consumption from 2018. Collectively, projects implemented in 2019 have reduced annual energy consumption at our operations by 249 TJ — enough to power 2,311 homes for a year. Since 2011, our efforts have resulted in reduction projects totalling 2,964 TJ of savings.
Figure 10: Energy Consumption by Type(1)
(1) Other includes propane, waste oil, fuel oils and other process fuels.
2019年,大约27%的我们的能源需要uirements (i.e., electricity and fuels) were supplied by non-carbon-emitting sources, primarily hydroelectricity, compared to 27% in 2018. Of our total electricity consumption in 2019, 82%, or 11,491 TJ, was from renewable energy sources, the majority of which is hydroelectricity.
In Figures 11 to 13, we outline our energy intensity, or the amount of energy used per tonne of product, as well as the carbon intensity. According to data from the ICMM, at 80 kilograms of CO2-equivalent per tonne of steelmaking coal produced, the emissions intensity of our steelmaking coal is less than half the industry average of more than 150 kilograms. Similarly, our copper production averages 2.56 tonnes of CO2- 每吨生产的铜等量，低于行业平均值4吨的35％。我们的goal is to continue to improve the carbon intensity of our operations and future projects.
Figure 11: Steelmaking Coal Production Intensity
(2) Carbon intensity includes Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions and is stated on a CO2e basis, which is inclusive of CO2, CH4, N2O, PFCs, SF6and NF3as appropriate.
Energy and carbon intensity for the production of steelmaking coal increased in 2019 (Figure 11). This change is primarily a result of mining in new, recently permitted areas at a number of our operations, with increased strip ratios to generate production after the closure of Coal Mountain. Increased strip ratios require more waste material to be moved for an equivalent amount of coal production therefore increasing the energy and carbon intensity of the product.
Figure 12: Zinc and Lead Production Intensity
(2) Carbon intensity includes Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions and is stated on a CO2e basis, which is inclusive of CO2, CH4, N2O, PFCs, SF6and NF3as appropriate.
Energy and carbon intensity for the production of zinc and lead increased in 2019 (Figure 12). This change is primarily due to lower throughput and zinc grades. Trail Operations also experienced a decline in refined zinc production due to the electrical equipment failure.
图13：铜生产强度
(2) Carbon intensity includes Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions and is stated on a CO2e basis, which is inclusive of CO2, CH4, N2O, PFCs, SF6and NF3as appropriate.
Energy and carbon intensity for the production of copper decreased in 2019 (Figure 13). This change is attributed to a larger proportion of the total copper production coming from Highland Valley Copper, which is a low-carbon and energy intensive operation, in relation to Carmen de Andacollo and Quebrada Blanca operations. In 2019, Highland Valley Copper experienced higher ore grades and improved recovery.
Figure 14: Teck Carbon Intensity on a Copper Equivalent(1)Production Basis
(1) Only the primary commodities we report on – i.e. Coal, Copper and Zinc – are included within the equivalency calculation. Lead has been excluded. Carbon Equivalency was calculated by using a three-year commodity price average, using prices reported in our previous annual reports.
(2) Carbon intensity includes Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions and is stated on a CO2e basis, which is inclusive of CO2, CH4, N2O, PFCs, SF6and NF3as appropriate.
Figure 14 is new to our sustainability disclosures. It is demonstrating Teck’s carbon intensity which includes total Scope 1 and 2 emissions as reported above against a tonne of copper equivalent. We have used this metric – intensity per tonne of copper equivalent – in order to provide a single carbon intensity metric for the organization as a whole.
Investing in our Energy Business Unit
As the International Energy Agency (IEA) has articulated in looking at all future energy use scenarios, oil and gas will continue to be an important part of the world’s energy mix for the foreseeable future, even in the transition to a low-carbon economy. Our focus is on helping to meet that need and on developing Canada’s oil sands resources in the most sustainable way possible for people, for communities and for the environment.
We have a strong track record of taking steps to improve energy efficiency, reduce GHGs and lower the carbon intensity of our products. Both our steelmaking coal and copper production are among the lowest carbon intensity in the world and we are building on that track record in how we approach our oil sands development. Fort Hills incorporates industry-leading technologies to achieve best-in-class environmental performance. As a result, at 37.5 kilograms of CO2-equivalent per bbl the carbon intensity of oil produced from Fort Hills is the lowest in the oil sands by a significant factor (Figure 15). While we believe that lower-carbon production such as from Fort Hills can help to displace more carbon-intensive barrels as the world transitions to cleaner energy sources and seeks to minimize GHGs, we are further focused on continuing to push for further reductions in carbon intensity through new technology as we work towards our commitment of carbon-neutrality.
图15:温室气体排放强度油砂cilities
碳定价和倡导气候行动
We believe that broad-based pricing of carbon is one of the most effective ways to incentivize real reductions in GHG emissions by ensuring that all emitters contribute to the solution. In 2019, we continued to advocate for carbon pricing policies that maintain the global competitiveness of trade-exposed industries to prevent carbon leakage, which is when GHG emissions move from one jurisdiction to another as a result of differences in carbon prices. Currently, all of our steelmaking coal operations are covered by carbon pricing, as is half of our copper business, our Fort Hills oil sands mine and all of our metals refining business.
我们继续看到各国政府的趋势，以追求气候变化政策。我们在加拿大发生了一些最重要的行动，其中大多数业务都位于，加拿大在世界上有一些最高的碳价格。5In 2019, the federal government implemented theGreenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act,which prices carbon in Canadian provinces not already covered by their own carbon price. The Province of British Columbia also increased the B.C. carbon tax by $5 per tonne of CO2e from $35 to $40 in 2019. This price is expected to increase by $5 per tonne of CO2e per year until reaching $50 per tonne of CO2e in 2021.
As part of its commitment to address impacts on emissions-intensive, trade-exposed industries, the B.C. government continued to develop its Clean Growth Program for Industry, which includes an industrial incentive to reduce carbon tax costs for operations meeting ambitious emissions standards, as well as an industry fund to invest carbon tax revenue directly into emission reduction projects. In Alberta, a new industry-specific carbon price policy, called the Technology Innovation and Emissions Reductions (TIER), is expected to be implemented in 2020. Details are still emerging and we will continue to engage with regulators and assess the potential implications of these policies on our operations and projects.
In 2019, we continued to work with the Mining Association of British Columbia (MAC) and the Business Council of British Columbia (BCBC) on carbon pricing policy, to provide both policy direction and technical input to the government, with a view to maintaining the competitiveness of industry in the province.
We are also engaging with the British Columbia government directly through the provincial Clean Growth Advisory Council, for which Marcia Smith, Teck’s Senior Vice President, Sustainability and External Affairs, is the co-chair. Teck has more than a decade of experience with carbon pricing policies, which has informed our work to help advance the effective design and acceptance of carbon pricing policies globally. This is best demonstrated by our participation in the Carbon Pricing Leadership Coalition.
及时，透明的气候和环境披露对Teck及其兴趣的社区非常重要，并且是驾驶可持续性的关键组成部分。在2019年，建立在关于气候变化的公众报告中，我们继续参加碳披露项目（CDP）。我们还从事100+的气候行动，这是一项支持气候变化行动的领先投资者倡议，就我们减排和替代能源目标等主题。
Summary of Portfolio Resilience in the Face of Climate Change
In August 2019, we released our面对气候变化报告的投资组合弹性. The report looks at how Teck is positioned for a low-carbon economy by analyzing potential business risks and opportunities under three different climate change scenarios:
- 3.5°C: A Story of Inaction
- 2.7°C: A Story of Transition
- Below 2°C Scenario: A Story of Transformation
These scenarios provide information on how Teck is analyzing and preparing for the risks and opportunities that may emerge as the global community combats climate change and moves to a lower-carbon future. This report builds on our 2018 Climate Action and Portfolio Resilience report and aligns with recommendations from the与气候相关财务披露的工作队, which we support.
Adapting to Physical Climate Risks
我们正在采取措施防范气候变化的未来影响，因为我们认识到对气候的持续变化可以增加我们采矿业务的物质风险和相关基础设施。我们的一些业务经历了具有潜在气候相关的天气事件，包括红狗运营的变暖条件，并增加了在高地山谷铜（HVC）操作中淹没的雪花径流。
In 2019, we implemented climate adaptation measures at several of our operations. At HVC, we continued to execute our spring runoff water management strategy to protect key infrastructure and we completed climate change analyses to contribute to long-term adaptation plans for the mine. At our Fording River Operations, we continue to advance a flood mitigation project, in response to erosion caused by high water levels in 2013. At our operations in Chile, we advanced projects to reduce our fresh water consumption in response to potential water availability constraints due to future climate conditions.
